here and in 2:1. It need not be from a later hand any more than the tradition of the confession of Thomas: “My Lord and my God” (John 20:28). Since proverbially no man can be the servant of two masters, it may be that James, in order to obviate any possible offense to the cherished monotheism of orthodox Jewry, is here emphasizing that service to Christ is also service to God, since they are both One (John 5:17; 9:4; 17:4); but we doubt whether such subtlety in the opening is truly in keeping with